Steko,
While certain studies can be replicated, such as in ceramic paste composition and spectrographic analysis, for the most part our empirical observations can never be 100 percent. Additionally, in this fast pace environment of new discoveries almost daily, many times our analyses are almost passé and have to be revisited prior to publication.
I agree that in many archaeological reports the researchers almost act like standard testing and analytical regimes are proprietary information. Best practice in journal papers and reports, though, is to provide a link to both data and detailed methodology.